Ecology & habitat
Sea kraits forage in the ocean and return to land for digestion, shedding, mating and egg laying.
Evidence & scope
Literature documented · Abstract
Field study on a small island off Viti Levu, Fiji; comparative ecology.
Elapidae · Philippine record
Laticauda colubrina(SCHNEIDER 1799)
Venom: Basic classification explicitly recorded in the species account. Detailed effects and medical significance have not yet been summarised here.
Species account, Comments
Venom effects and medical significance are different from toxicity rankings. Do not handle a snake on the basis of this summary.
An amphibious sea krait that feeds at sea and returns ashore. Its natural history depends on access to both marine feeding areas and terrestrial refuges.
Literature updated 2026-10-07 · Editorial review pending
Explore the island records ↓Species portrait
Laticauda colubrina
Image to followThe illustrated collection
Adult · study plate
Laticauda colubrina
Image to followJuvenile · study plate
Laticauda colubrina
Image to followLife stages will be labelled from the contributor’s information. Images alone do not establish identification or a locality record.
Media provenance
Contributor images are forthcoming. Photographs and illustrations will retain their individual credits, permissions and evidence notes.
A closer look
Sea kraits forage in the ocean and return to land for digestion, shedding, mating and egg laying.
Literature documented · Abstract
Field study on a small island off Viti Levu, Fiji; comparative ecology.
Eels are the principal prey. In Fiji, adult females mainly consumed larger conger eels, whereas males took smaller morays, sometimes several in one feeding trip.
Literature documented · Abstract
Sex-related diet differences documented in Fiji; Philippine prey proportions are not established here.
Radio-tracked animals in Fiji alternated between land and sea. Juveniles stayed close to the water, while adults also moved inland. Land–sea movements commonly occurred at night.
Literature documented · Abstract; study of 16 radio-tracked snakes
Activity schedules vary by site, tide, age and sex.
Females lay eggs on land.
Literature documented · Abstract
Egg-laying, amphibious life history.
No Philippine clutch-size range or breeding calendar is inferred from the Fijian study.
The atlas records Laticauda colubrina from these named Philippine areas: Luzon, Cebu, Sibuyan. These are literature areas rather than a continuous range boundary.
Literature documented · Existing checklist occurrence statement and distribution review
The original evidence level is retained.
A country listing cannot establish an island or a precise locality.
Laticauda colubrina is retained in the atlas’s dated checklist under Elapidae. The authority is (SCHNEIDER 1799). Earlier names and the original source notes are preserved below for comparison.
Literature documented · Checklist identity and nomenclatural trail
Checklist verified 2026-09-05; not a newly revised taxonomic backbone.
Historical names can cover different biological concepts; synonyms should not be used to transfer records automatically.
Across the archipelago
Coastal records: blue outlines
Blue outlines locate coastal records, not land occupancy or marine range boundaries.
Philippine distribution
Select an island to read its distribution record and sources. Uncoloured islands are not evidence of absence.
Indian Ocean (E India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar (= Burma), Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia [Borneo], Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, Solomon Islands [McCoy 2000], Vanuatu Gulf of Thailand, Philippines (Luzon, Cebu, Sibuyan etc.), Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, Palau, Coasts of Taiwan (China) Bay of Bengal coasts of Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Indoaustralian Archipelago to New Guinea, Timor-Leste Japan (Ryukyu Islands) Australia (Queensland), New Zealand Western Pacific Ocean to Fiji, New Caledonia Possibly introduced to the Mediterranean Sea (Korfu). Type locality: not given
The atlas records Laticauda colubrina from these named Philippine areas: Luzon, Cebu, Sibuyan. These are literature areas rather than a continuous range boundary.
The Reptile Database — species checklist, 17 June 2026 ↗Existing checklist occurrence statement and distribution review
Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines: A Synthesis of Data from Biodiversity Repositories, Field Studies, and the Literature ↗Existing checklist occurrence statement and distribution review
References attached to this species account. Island-specific evidence is shown separately where available.
The Reptile Database — species checklist, 17 June 2026 ↗
Activity patterns of yellow-lipped sea kraits (Laticauda colubrina) on a Fijian island ↗
Sexual divergence in diets and morphology in Fijian sea snakes Laticauda colubrina (Laticaudinae) ↗
Living with wildlife
Venomous · Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
Observe from a distance. Do not handle, corner or capture a snake to identify it. An incomplete venom account is not evidence that a species is safe to handle.
After a suspected snakebite, keep the person still and arrange urgent medical care. Avoid tight tourniquets, cutting, suction and unproven remedies. Do not wait to identify the snake before seeking help.
WHO guidance on snakebite first aidSpecies record
Range noteCountry/island text is not a range polygon or locality record.
Indian Ocean (E India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar (= Burma), Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia [Borneo], Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, Solomon Islands [McCoy 2000], Vanuatu Gulf of Thailand, Philippines (Luzon, Cebu, Sibuyan etc.), Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, Palau, Coasts of Taiwan (China) Bay of Bengal coasts of Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Indoaustralian Archipelago to New Guinea, Timor-Leste Japan (Ryukyu Islands) Australia (Queensland), New Zealand Western Pacific Ocean to Fiji, New Caledonia Possibly introduced to the Mediterranean Sea (Korfu). Type locality: not given
Names through time
Hydrus Colubrinus SCHNEIDER 1799: 238 Coluber laticaudatus LINNAEUS 1758 (part.) Anguis Platura LACÉPÈDE 1790 (fide HEATWOLE et al. 2005) Platurus fasciatus LATREILLE 1801 Platurus colubrinus — WAGLER 1830 Coluber platycaudatus OKEN 1836 Hydrophis colubrina — SCHLEGEL 1837 Hydrus colubrinus — BEGBIE 1846: 408 (?) Laticauda scutata CANTOR 1847 (not of LAURENTI 1768) Platurus fasciatus var. colubrina — FISCHER 1856 Platurus laticaudatus var. B. — GÜNTHER 1858 (part.) Platurus colubrinus — FISCHER 1884: 50 Platurus colubrinus — FISCHER 1888 Platurus colubrinus — BOULENGER 1896 Platurus frontalis DE VIS 1905: 48 Laticauda colubrina — STEJNEGER 1907: 406 Platurus colubrinus — WALL 1909: 186 Laticauda colubrina — SMITH 1943: 443 Laticauda colubrina — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 140 Laticauda colubrina — LINER 1994 Laticauda colubrina — COX et al. 1998: 33 Laticauda colubrina — COGGER 2000: 724 Laticauda frontalis — COGGER & HEATWOLE 2006 Laticauda colubrina — RASMUSSEN et al. 2011 Laticauda colubrina — WALLACH et al. 2014: 363 Laticauda colubrina — EIPPER & EIPPER 2024: 275
Venomous! Synonymy partly after COGGER 1983 and PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970, and HEATWOLE et al 2005. SHINE et al. (2002) show that L. colubrina and L. frontalis are sibling species that are reproductively isolated. Distribution: The sea krait Laticauda colubrina is the most widespread member of its genus, extending from the Bay of Bengal through much of Asia and the Indo-Malayan Archipelago to New Guinea and many islands of the western Pacific Ocean. Steinicke & Trutnau (1993), later cited by TOTH et al. (2002), reported a sighting of this species on the coast of Corfu (a Greek island!). See map in Gherghel et al. 2016 and Heatwole et al. 2017. Reports from Mexico (Chiapas, etc.), El Salvador, and Nicaragua are based on a few reports without voucher specimens (e.g. Villa 1962, Alvarez del Toro 1972) and are thus dubious. Sympatry: Laticauda frontalis (de Vis, 1905) is a dwarf species found in sympatry and syntopy with Laticauda colubrina in Vanuatu and the Loyalty Islands of New Caledonia. Genome: Kishida et al. 2020 sequenced the genome of L. colubrina. Distribution: See map in Kishida et al. 2020. Not in New South Wales fide Swan et al. 2017, Field Guide. Habitat: marine.
Uetz, P.; Freed, P.; Aguilar, R.; Reyes, F.; Kudera, J.; Hošek, J. (eds.)
Leviton, A. E.; Siler, C. D.; Weinell, J. L.; Brown, R. M.
Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 64(14): 399–568
Shetty, S.; Shine, R.
Copeia 2002(1): 77–85
Shetty, S.; Shine, R.
Austral Ecology 27(1): 77–84