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Typhlopidae · Global account with Philippine editorial coverage

Flowerpot Snake

Indotyphlops braminus(DAUDIN, 1803)

Length
Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
Venom status
Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
Known venom effects
Effects not yet summarised in this atlas

Indotyphlops braminus is a Typhlopidae snake included in the Philippine checklist. Its atlas account links 6 named island or island-group records to the source literature.

OccurrenceConfirmed
Islands named6
Natural history3 sourced topics
References3

Literature updated 2026-10-07 · Editorial review pending

Explore the island records ↓

Species portrait

Indotyphlops braminus

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The illustrated collection

Adult & juvenile

Adult · study plate

Indotyphlops braminus

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Juvenile · study plate

Indotyphlops braminus

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Life stages will be labelled from the contributor’s information. Images alone do not establish identification or a locality record.

Media provenance

Every image carries its source.

Contributor images are forthcoming. Photographs and illustrations will retain their individual credits, permissions and evidence notes.

One species · Across borders

Global distribution

Explore the recorded countries and islands. Select a highlighted area to see its distribution evidence.

Recorded distribution

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ListedIntroducedUncertain

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Shading identifies recorded countries or named islands, not continuous habitat coverage. Uncoloured areas do not establish absence.

Natural Earth · 1:50m · public domain. Small islands may lack an outline.

Explore the distribution

Across borders

74 recorded countries & territories

Select a highlighted area to see its status, island records and sources. Each country and island links to the same shared species collection.

Use “Worldwide records” to include distant introduced and uncertain records in the map view.

Indonesian locality notes and qualifications
Sumatra
Sumatra
Java & Bali
Java; Bali
Sulawesi
Sulawesi
Lesser Sundas
Komodo

Explicit Indonesian country or island locality supports inclusion.

A closer look

Natural history & identification

Reproduction

This egg-laying snake reproduces by parthenogenesis. The cited studies established triploid, all-female reproduction; no mating pair is required for the documented reproductive mode.

Evidence & scope

Literature documented · Reproduction; Wynn et al. (1987), Ota et al. (1991)

Species-level database summary; literature review, not expert validation.

The cited account does not establish population-wide variation or the conditions at every Philippine locality.

Philippine distribution

The atlas records Indotyphlops braminus from these named Philippine areas: Luzon, Palawan, Panay, Cebu, Calamian, Camiguin Sur. These are literature areas rather than a continuous range boundary.

Evidence & scope

Literature documented · Existing checklist occurrence statement and distribution review

The original evidence level is retained.

A country listing cannot establish an island or a precise locality.

Taxonomic context

Indotyphlops braminus is retained in the atlas’s dated checklist under Typhlopidae. The authority is (DAUDIN 1803). Earlier names and the original source notes are preserved below for comparison.

Evidence & scope

Literature documented · Checklist identity and nomenclatural trail

Checklist verified 2026-09-05; not a newly revised taxonomic backbone.

Historical names can cover different biological concepts; synonyms should not be used to transfer records automatically.

Across the archipelago

Where this species is recorded

Philippines
Indotyphlops braminus — all named islandsLuzonPalawanPanayCebuCamiguin Sur

Documented islands: gold · island groups: dashed circles

Island-level records · not continuous habitat coverage. Dashed circles locate groups, not individual observations.

Philippine distribution

Documented places

6 named islands / island groups

Select an island to read its distribution record and sources. Uncoloured islands are not evidence of absence.

Distribution record & sources

Africa: Egypt [HR 30: 236; HR 32: 11], Libya, Zanzibar, Tanzania, Mozambique, Republic of South Africa, Somalia, Cameroon, Benin, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Mauritania, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Trape 2019), Madagascar, Comoro Islands (Mayotte, Mohéli, Anjouan), Nossi Be = Nosy Bé, Mascarenes, Seychelles, Mauritius, Reunion, Rodrigues, Madeira (J. Jesus, pers. comm. 13 Dec 2012), Equatorial Guinea (incl. Annobon Island) Middle East: Saudi Arabia (introduced), Oman (introduced), United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Iran, Iraq. Asia: Vietnam, Laos, Thailand [HR 32: 279], Myanmar (= Burma), Cambodia, Malaysia (Pulau Tioman, Johor: Pulau Sibu, Pulau Besar etc.), Indonesia (Borneo, Sulawesi, Komodo, Sumatra, Java, Bali), Solomon Islands [McCoy 2000], Timor-Leste, S China (Hainan, Hunan, Guangdong: Nan Ao Island, Hong Kong, Sichuan/Chongqing, Fujian, Yunnan), Taiwan (incl. Lanyu), Japan (Ryukyu islands, incl. Senkaku), India (Assam, Tripura, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Maharashtra, Telangana, Arunachal Pradesh [A. Captain, pers. Comm.], Punjab [Dino Aulakh, pers. comm.], Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Mizoram), Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Philippines (Palawan: Calamian Islands, Panay, Luzon, Cebu, Camiguin Sur, etc.), New Guinea, Nauru, Palau, Singapore, Bangladesh Australia and Oceania: (Cook Islands, CKI, North Territory), New Caledonia, Toga Island, Vanuatu, Fiji, Micronesia, Guam (G. Rodda, pers. comm., 13 March 2016), French Polynesia (Tahiti Island, Society Archipelago) Europe: Portugal (Madeira Island), Spain (Canary Islands: Tenerife, Lanzarote, Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, La Gomera), Italy Americas: Mexico (introduced to Sinaloa, Querétaro, Coahuila, Michoacán, Aguascalientes [HR 32: 279], Jalisco, Baja California Sur, Morelos, Tamaulipas, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Nuevo León, Chihuahua, Veracruz, Zacatecas, Quintana Roo: Cozumel Island, Yucatán, Campeche, Nayarit, Puebla, Guerrero, Sonora, Durango), Guatemala (introduced), Belize ? (P. Stafford, pers. comm.), Honduras, Nicaragua, Ecuador Introduced to Costa Rica (Sasa et al. 2025) USA (introduced to Florida and Hawaii), Introduced to California fide Hansen & Shedd 2024. Introduced to the West Indies [HR 28: 210], Grand Cayman Islands [HR 34: 265], St. Martin, St. Barthélmy (BREUIL 2002), St. Kitts Elevation 0-2000 m, Guadeloupe (La Désirade), Introduced to Barbados. Caribbean: Introduced to Cuba, Saba (Dutch Caribbean), Bahamas (Abaco Island), Montserrat Type locality: Vizagapatam [Visakhapatnam], India. khoratensis: C/E Thailand (Khorat Plateau area). Type locality: “Muak Lek, Friendship Highway, Sara Buri Province, Thailand”

The atlas records Indotyphlops braminus from these named Philippine areas: Luzon, Palawan, Panay, Cebu, Calamian, Camiguin Sur. These are literature areas rather than a continuous range boundary.

The Reptile Database — species checklist, 17 June 2026 ↗Existing checklist occurrence statement and distribution review

Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines: A Synthesis of Data from Biodiversity Repositories, Field Studies, and the Literature ↗Existing checklist occurrence statement and distribution review

References attached to this species account. Island-specific evidence is shown separately where available.

The Reptile Database — species checklist, 17 June 2026 ↗

Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines: A Synthesis of Data from Biodiversity Repositories, Field Studies, and the Literature ↗

Indotyphlops braminus — The Reptile Database species account ↗

Living with wildlife

Give this snake space.

Venom classification not yet added · Effects not yet summarised in this atlas

Observe from a distance. Do not handle, corner or capture a snake to identify it. An incomplete venom account is not evidence that a species is safe to handle.

After a suspected snakebite, keep the person still and arrange urgent medical care. Avoid tight tourniquets, cutting, suction and unproven remedies. Do not wait to identify the snake before seeking help.

WHO guidance on snakebite first aid

Species record

Taxonomy, occurrence & evidence.

Identity

Accepted name
Indotyphlops braminus
Common names
Flowerpot Snake, Brahminy blindsnake, Bootlace Snake · Brahmanen-Wurmschlange · Khorat Worm Snake, Khorat Blind Snake [khoratensis] · Khorat-Blindschlange [khoratensis] · Chinese: 钩盲蛇 · Culebrilla Ciega · Italian: tiflope bramino
Authority
(DAUDIN 1803)
Year described
1803
Taxonomic status
Accepted species
Family
Typhlopidae
Subfamily
Asiatyphlopinae
Genus
Indotyphlops
Species epithet
braminus
Persistent ID
PH-SERP-C4F671EC4F
Checklist checked
2026-09-05

Philippine occurrence

Status
Present
Confidence
Confirmed
Basis
2018 Philippine synopsis treatment plus current RDB listing
Islands named
Luzon, Palawan, Panay, Cebu, Calamian, Camiguin Sur

Range noteCountry/island text is not a range polygon or locality record.

Source distribution statement

Africa: Egypt [HR 30: 236; HR 32: 11], Libya, Zanzibar, Tanzania, Mozambique, Republic of South Africa, Somalia, Cameroon, Benin, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Mauritania, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Trape 2019), Madagascar, Comoro Islands (Mayotte, Mohéli, Anjouan), Nossi Be = Nosy Bé, Mascarenes, Seychelles, Mauritius, Reunion, Rodrigues, Madeira (J. Jesus, pers. comm. 13 Dec 2012), Equatorial Guinea (incl. Annobon Island) Middle East: Saudi Arabia (introduced), Oman (introduced), United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Iran, Iraq. Asia: Vietnam, Laos, Thailand [HR 32: 279], Myanmar (= Burma), Cambodia, Malaysia (Pulau Tioman, Johor: Pulau Sibu, Pulau Besar etc.), Indonesia (Borneo, Sulawesi, Komodo, Sumatra, Java, Bali), Solomon Islands [McCoy 2000], Timor-Leste, S China (Hainan, Hunan, Guangdong: Nan Ao Island, Hong Kong, Sichuan/Chongqing, Fujian, Yunnan), Taiwan (incl. Lanyu), Japan (Ryukyu islands, incl. Senkaku), India (Assam, Tripura, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Maharashtra, Telangana, Arunachal Pradesh [A. Captain, pers. Comm.], Punjab [Dino Aulakh, pers. comm.], Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Mizoram), Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Philippines (Palawan: Calamian Islands, Panay, Luzon, Cebu, Camiguin Sur, etc.), New Guinea, Nauru, Palau, Singapore, Bangladesh Australia and Oceania: (Cook Islands, CKI, North Territory), New Caledonia, Toga Island, Vanuatu, Fiji, Micronesia, Guam (G. Rodda, pers. comm., 13 March 2016), French Polynesia (Tahiti Island, Society Archipelago) Europe: Portugal (Madeira Island), Spain (Canary Islands: Tenerife, Lanzarote, Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, La Gomera), Italy Americas: Mexico (introduced to Sinaloa, Querétaro, Coahuila, Michoacán, Aguascalientes [HR 32: 279], Jalisco, Baja California Sur, Morelos, Tamaulipas, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Nuevo León, Chihuahua, Veracruz, Zacatecas, Quintana Roo: Cozumel Island, Yucatán, Campeche, Nayarit, Puebla, Guerrero, Sonora, Durango), Guatemala (introduced), Belize ? (P. Stafford, pers. comm.), Honduras, Nicaragua, Ecuador Introduced to Costa Rica (Sasa et al. 2025) USA (introduced to Florida and Hawaii), Introduced to California fide Hansen & Shedd 2024. Introduced to the West Indies [HR 28: 210], Grand Cayman Islands [HR 34: 265], St. Martin, St. Barthélmy (BREUIL 2002), St. Kitts Elevation 0-2000 m, Guadeloupe (La Désirade), Introduced to Barbados. Caribbean: Introduced to Cuba, Saba (Dutch Caribbean), Bahamas (Abaco Island), Montserrat Type locality: Vizagapatam [Visakhapatnam], India. khoratensis: C/E Thailand (Khorat Plateau area). Type locality: “Muak Lek, Friendship Highway, Sara Buri Province, Thailand”

Knowledge coverage

EndemismResearch pending
EcologyResearch pending
VenomVenom classification not yet added
Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
Detailed research: Research pending
ConservationResearch pending

Names through time

Nomenclatural trail

Eryx braminus DAUDIN 1803: 279 Tortrix russelii MERREM 1820 Typhlops Braminus — FITZINGER 1826: 53 Typhlops braminus — CUVIER 1828: 103 Typhlops bramineus — SCHINZ 1834: 130 [unjustified emendation] Typhlops russeli SCHLEGEL 1839 Typhlops Braminus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1844: 309 Argyrophis truncatus GRAY 1845: 138 Argyrophis Bramicus — GRAY 1845: 138 [unjustified emendation] Eryx bramicus — GRAY 1845: 138 [unjustified emendation] Tortrix Bramicus — GRAY 1845: 279 Onychocephalus capensis SMITH 1846 Typhlops brame — DUMÉRIL 1853: 423 Typhlops Russellii — JERDON 1853: 527 Typhlops capensis — PETERS 1854: 621 Argyrophis bramicus [sic] — KELAART 1854: 137 Argyrophis Braminus — BLYTH 1856: 712 Argyrophis bramicus — TENNENT 1859: 203 Onychocephalus capensis — PETERS 1860: 83 Ophthalmidium tenue HALLOWELL 1861: 497 Typhlops (Typhlops) braminus — JAN 1863: 11 Typhlops (Typhlops) inconspicuus JAN 1863: 11 Typhlops accedens — JAN 1864 Typhlops braminus — JAN 1864 Tortrix russellii — GÜNTHER 1864: 175 Typhlops accedens JAN & SORDELLI 1864: 3 Typhlops capensis — PETERS 1869: 139 Typhlops avoterminatus GÜNTHER 1870: 139 Typhlops inconspicuus — BOETTGER 1879: 459 Typhlops bramini — BOETTGER 1881: 650 Typhlops (Typhlops) euproctus BOETTGER 1882: 479 Typhlops bramino — BOETTGER 1882: 479 [unjustified emendation] Typhlops sp. (braminus var.?) — MÜLLER 1887: 259 Typhlops brahminus — PHIPSON 1888:49 [unjustified emendation] Typhlops braminus — BOULENGER 1893: 16 Typhlops euproctus — BOULENGER 1893: 16 Tortrix russellii — BOULENGER 1893:16 [unjustified emendation] Typhlops russellii — BOULENGER 1893:16 [unjustified emendation] Cyphlops braminus — CARDEW 1897:592 [error typographicus] Typhlops bramimus — MEHELY 1897:62 [error typographicus] Typhlops bramina — HASSERT 1903:25 [unjustified emendation] Typhlops braminus arenicola ANNANDALE 1906:192 Typhlops limbrickii ANNANDALE 1906 Typhlops braminus — STEJNEGER 1907: 260 Glauconia braueri STERNFELD 1910: 69 Tyhlops braminus — OSHIMA 1910: 186 [error typographicus] Typhlops braueri — BOULENGER 1910: 29 Typhlopidae [sic] braminus — ROUX 1911 Typhlops braminis, MONTAGUE 1914: 643. [error typographicus] Typhlops braminus — DE ROOIJ 1917: 5 Typhlops fletcheri WALL 1919: 556, pl. 1 Typhlops bramini — HOLTZINGER-TENEVER 1920:102. [unjustified emendation] Typhlops braminus — BOULENGER 1920 Typhlops braminus — TAYLOR 1922 Typhlops sp. ? — GHARPUREY 1927: 224 Typhlops braminus braminus — MERENS 1930: 278 Typhlops sp. — PURACHATRA 1930: 60 Typhlops braminius — MAKI 1931 Typhlops braminius — GHARPUREY 1932: 272 [error typographicus] Typhlopidae sp. — GHARPUREY 1935: 272 Typhlopus braminus — NAKAMURA 1938: 192 [error typographicus] Typhlops braminus — SMITH 1943 Typhlops inconspiuous — LOVERIDGE 1957: 244 [unjustified emendation] Typhlops khoratensis TAYLOR 1962: 248 Typhlops koratensis — TAYLOR 1965: 645 [error typographicus] Ramphotyphlops braminus — ROBB 1966: 675 Typhlops pseudosaurus DRYDEN and TAYLOR 1969 Typhlops braminus — DEUVE 1970 Ehyx braminus — AGRAWAL 1970: 41 [error typographicus] Typhlops braminae — BROWN & ALCALA [unjustified emendation] Typhlops braminueus — GALLAGHER 1971: 27 [error typographicus] Typhlops cf. braminus — CHEKE 1973: 469 Typhlina (?) bramina — MCDOWELL 1974: 22 Typhlina bramina — BROADLEY 1974: 24–26 Typhlops Graminas — AGARWAL 1979: 9 [error typographicus] Typhlina braminus — MCDOWELL 1974 Typhlina bramina bramina — AUFFENBERG 1980: 113 Ramphotyphlops braminus — NUSSBAUM 1980 Ramphotyphlops bramina — WILSON & PORRAS 1983: 55 Ramphotyphlopus braminus — GIBBONS 1985: 139 [error typographicus] Ramphotyphlops braminus — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 144 Ramphotyphlops braminus — GLAW & VENCES 1994: 350 Ramphotyphlops braminus — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 432 Ramphotyphlops braminus — COX et al. 1998: 12 Ramphotyphlops braminus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 59 Typhlops khoratensis — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 106 Typhlops braminus — LAZELL 2002 Ramphotyphlops braminus — D’CRUZE et al. 2007 Ramphotyphlops braminus — BROADLEY & WALLACH 2009 Ramphotyphlops braminus — COX et al. 2012: 7 Typhlops khoratensis — COX et al. 2012: 25 Ramphotyphlops bramius — JEAN-BAPTISTE 2013 (in error) Ramphotyphlops braminus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 626 Indotyphlops braminus — HEDGES et al. 2014 Ramphotyphlops braminus — COGGER 2014: 798 Indotyphlops khoratensis — HEDGES et al. 2014 Typhlops khoratensis — CHAN-ARD et al. 2015: 148 Ramphotyphlops braminus — CHAN-ARD et al. 2015: 145 Ramphotyphlops barminus — BALOUCHA et al. 2016 (in error) Ramphotyphlops braminus — SUPSUP et al. 2016 Ramphotyphlops braminus — SANGUILA et al. 2016 Indotyphlops braminus — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 354 Virgotyphlops braminus — WALLACH 2020 Indotyphlops braminus — SPEYBROECK et al. 2020 Virgotyphlops braminus — CRUZ-ELIZALDE et al. 2022 Indotyphlops braminus — WICKRAMASINGHE et al. 2022 Rhamphotyphlops braminus — MENESES et al. 2022 (in error) Ramphotyphops braminus — ICLEI 2023 (in error) Virgotyphlops braminus — O’SHEA et al. 2023 Virgotyphlops braminus — SUNYER & MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA 2023 Indotyphlops braminus — THORPE 2022 Indotyphlops braminus — EIPPER & EIPPER 2024: 343 Indotyphlops braminus — HANSEN & SHEDD 2025 Virgotyphlops braminus — SASA et al. 2025 Rhamphotyphlops braminus — BARAL & KADARIYA 2025

Taxonomic and source notes

Description in BROADLEY & WALLACH 2009. Synonymy: following Wallach 2009 (who lists many more typos and variations). Type species: Eryx braminus DAUDIN 1803 is the type species of the genus Virgotyphlops Wallach 2020 which was erected based on its parthenogenetic mode of reproduction (which may or may not be justified, given that other genera have mixed modes of reproduction, e.g. Darevskia or Aspidoscelis). Distribution: Not listed for Togo by Segniagbeto et al. 2012. See map in Burriel-Carranza et al. 2019 for map in UAE. For a map see Sindaco et al. 2013. For a map with localities in Equatorial Guinea see SÁNCHEZ-VIALAS et al. 2022. Phylogenetics: I. braminus as currently diagnosed appears to fall into several genetically distinct clades which may be separate species (Wickramasinghe et al. 2022). The monophyly of Indotyphlops including braminus was also confirmed by Sidharthan & Karanth 2021, hence we reject the establishment of a new genus, Virgotyphlops. Karyotype: triploid karyotype of 3n=42 with seven macro- and seven microtriplets and NORs on a microtriplet (Mezzasalma et al. 2016). Similar species: I. lankaensis, I. violaceus (both Sri Lanka). Genome: Khedkar et al. 2022, Zhu et al. 2023, 2024, Lv et al 2025. Transcriptome: Zhu et al. 2023.

References attached to this record

2026

The Reptile Database — species checklist, 17 June 2026

Uetz, P.; Freed, P.; Aguilar, R.; Reyes, F.; Kudera, J.; Hošek, J. (eds.)

Open source ↗
2018

Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines: A Synthesis of Data from Biodiversity Repositories, Field Studies, and the Literature

Leviton, A. E.; Siler, C. D.; Weinell, J. L.; Brown, R. M.

Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 64(14): 399–568

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11512589

Open source ↗
n.d.

Indotyphlops braminus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Open source ↗